Soham Prasad Munshi

UM4000-2

Parks, Garden and open space act as a breathing spaces within a city and that can provide citizen with wide range of social and environmental benefits. Planning and management of such informal and formal recreational spaces for various activities like pedestrian walkability, providing flood protection and urban cooling, protection for wildlife and play area which thereafter promote social inclusion and community cohesion. The Urban Local body (ULB), is responsible for providing the recreational spaces like park , garden , playground and open spaces. The park , garden and open spaces are public utility and hence its development, operation, maintenance and upgradation is accountable by the ULB. Outsourcing of public utilities for development, operation and maintenance through public private partnership is common practice among the government body, where the ownership rights remains with the government and the liability and infrastructure remains with the outsources agency.