Intersection Type& control and attribution on the formation of Blackspot- A case study on selected National Highways
For the last three decades, India has witnessed massive road development programs to improve mobility and connectivity. New vehicle models have been entered into the road system and vulnerable road users are exposed to high-speed traffic movement. All these result in road crashes and it is reported that more than 50% of road accidents are junction-related accidents. 2. Generally, the life cycle of a junction from an at-grade intersection to a grade-separated intersection 3. to interchange is composed of roundabout and signalized intersections. Grade-separated intersection or road interchange is fundamentally a crossing of two or more roadways at different levels to meet its prerequisite. Interchanges are predominantly used to carry fast-moving motorized traffic, to decongest an at-grade intersection, or to segregate the conflicting movements of an intersection, thus improving its operational efficiency. 4. The type of interchange, shape, and pattern of the interchange ramps, planning considerations, geometric design factors, the composition of traffic, capacity, speed, right of way, cost, safety, topography, environmental factors, etc. vary from site to site. Interchanges, therefore, are necessarily designed individually in light of the above considerations. 5. Road crash is a random phenomenon; however, crashes may not be randomly distributed across road networks. There are locations with a concentration of crashes. In this regard, the blackspot management process will help to identify those locations where a higher number of crashes of having similar nature are occurring as a result of local risk factors. Often the circumstances that are specific for a location are partly responsible for the high number of crashes. Location-specific, infrastructural measures can be implemented to decrease the number of crashes and put an end to the concentration of crashes at that location. 6. Intersections such as junction, T, Y, Rotary, and median breaches, are proven spots of accidents. 7. Reports from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimate that 36 per cent of all crashes happen at intersections. So systematic study of causes of accidents in terms of design deficiency, geographical location, and traffic patterns builds justifiable mitigation measures.
