Asish Manoj P

UI4051

This thesis tests the applicability of the Inclusive Climate-Sensitive WaSH (ICS-WaSH) framework through a case study of Leh, a small Himalayan town experiencing rapid urban and climatic pressures. The study identifies service delivery gaps in Leh’s water, sanitation, hygiene, and solid waste systems through fieldwork, interviews, and infrastructure assessments. Simultaneously, it evaluates the ICS-WaSH framework itself by comparing its indicators with those in global and national WaSH policies and guidelines. This dual analysis reveals critical gaps in both local service provision and the framework’s comprehensiveness. The thesis concludes with two sets of recommendations: one to improve WaSH systems in Leh, and another to strengthen the ICS-WaSH framework for broader applicability in small, climate-vulnerable towns.