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"Does growth hurt or help the urban environment?" The answer, in a nutshell, is—both. This research investigates the complex relationship between urban sprawl and climate change in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, one of India’s fastest-growing urban areas. It reveals how fragmented, unchecked expansion has intensified GHG emissions, Urban flooding, and infrastructure strain. Through spatial analysis, policy review, and stakeholder insights, the study highlights the disconnect between climate goals and current planning practices. It calls for integrated, climate-responsive urban strategies—emphasizing compact, mixed-use, and nature-based development. The research ultimately advocates for inclusive, sustainable urban growth in MMR.