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HVAC plays a crucial role in ensuring human thermal comfort and facilitating the operation of equipment and machinery. However, despite its comfort-enhancing function, it also contributes significantly to the overall energy consumption of buildings. The semester comprehensively covers HVAC systems, including the refrigeration cycle fundamentals, component breakdown, and diverse system types and applications. Through simulation exercises, thorough analysis of thermal loads within buildings is conducted, considering climatic factors to optimize HVAC systems for enhanced energy efficiency. This includes selecting suitable climate-dependent systems and implementing strategies such as chiller sequencing to minimize cooling electricity consumption and improve overall energy performance in buildings.