Kriti Kesarwani

Thesis/DRP/Capstone Project

In India, implementing TOD has been challenging due to various factors, including the existing urban setting of the city, policy and regulatory frameworks, involvement of multiple agencies in planning and its implementation, governance and institutional capacity, land acquisition issues, inadequate funding, and lack of political intent. Although some Indian cities were able to conceptualise and reinterpret the notion of local application with the help of the current TOD guideline, there aren't many examples of successful implementation. The fundamental concept of TOD is often overlooked such as context-dependent design standards, provisions for finer street network, market potential, provision of affordable housing near the transit and provision of high-quality public space. Therefore, analysing the planning, implementation, and institutional provisions for TOD in various Indian and Global cities will help to develop some key strategies to address the challenges and assist in finding an innovative solution for implementing TOD in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. 
To develop a framework for TOD provision, the research attempted to examine the current mechanisms for TOD in both the Indian and worldwide contexts through case studies, Acts, policies, and regulations. Understanding of the institutional structure of the city and comparing it with the current Indian practice will help in identifying the gaps in the TOD provision that needs to be addressed. Based on the key inferences and conclusions derived from the data, a collection of prospective strategies for potential approaches and suggestions for planning, implementation, and institutional provisions of transit-oriented development in Lucknow will be recommended. This study will help in identifying the tools to initiate a paradigm shift in transforming the future of the growing Indian cities like Lucknow based on TOD principles by achieving its fundamental concept of creating sustainable, liveable, and equitable communities that promote access to economic opportunities, housing, and other essential services for all residents to meet the growing demand through its successful and practical implementation.