Handicrafts are one of the most significant forms of craftsmanship that manifest
the intangible of the knowledge systems to tangible forms of a product or an
artefact. Bidriware is such an indigenous metal handicraft of Bidar, Karnataka,
that is of great heritage value due to its origins in Bidar and an inheritance of
the Bidri artisans. The craft is being practised till date where the artisans have
been given several accolades for their inventions and development of the craft.
The site of study in this research has been both walled city of Bidar and Bidri
Colony. While both the locations of the craft habitat has been studied to
understand the history and different craft practices, the focus of the study is
Bidri Colony.
Bidri originated in the period of the Bahamani Dynasty which deemed it a very
valuable craft and promoted its training and spread. The craft is of inlaying silver
into engraved metal alloy of zinc and copper. The design philosophy is based
on the colour contrast of dark and white i.e. black base and silver pattern
ornamentation. The patterns are often inspired by the cultural influences of
different time periods, initially, it was Persian floral designs as the artist who
brought the craft to India was from Persia, but with time the artisans have
adapted the designs and products to suit the time and need of the customers.
While earlier, the artisans created royal utilitarian artefacts, new product
portfolios have been added such as souvenirs and furniture in Bidri art.
Historically as the craft grew and gained popularity, the artisans were treated
with immense respect as masters of such an exquisite craft. The Bidriware
market was located in the walled city of Bidar from where the artisans worked
and lived. The Kusum Gali, Chowbara Road was the historical location of the
Bidri market. This street is one of the four main streets of the walled city, axially
connecting to Chowbara (clock tower). Thus, giving the market a very
prominent location within the walled city, further emphasising its significance.
8
Through time the craft has evolved and the artisans have adapted yet, there
has been a decline in the craft due to the lack of support to the artisans. There
have been several attempts to revive and popularise it through training and new
design implementations. One such attempt to help the artisans with a working
habitat was Bidri Colony. The Bidri Artisan Village was developed to provide
each Bidri artisan with shelter and a workspace where they get better work
opportunities.
Bidri colony has been studied and mapped in depth in this paper due to it’s
cultural value of the craft heritage. As most of the Bidri artisans practising in
Bidar today stay and practice the craft from Bidri Colony, the place becomes
very significant to be studied and to analyse the current status of the craft with
respect to its sustainability and the issues faced by the artisans. It would also
give an in-depth overview of the developmental model, its advantages, and
disadvantages.
The study would further outline the possible directions for interventions at
policy, governance and infrastructural levels. The strategies for the
conservation of the craft for the future are discussed as such a significant and
exquisite handicraft needs to continue for its heritage as well as economic,
cultural, and associational value to the place and identity of the people of the
place.
Overtime with the architectural interventions such as the Bidri Colony and
socio-economic interventions of policies for artisans and crafts persons, the
status of the craft should ideally have been elevated and the lives of the
craftsmen should have become better.
The study is an attempt to examine and evaluate and suggest ways for
sustainable development of Bidri craft and the custodians of the art form living
in Bidri colony.A subdivision in the interventions in policy, governance and habitat design is
imperative to create long-term and short-term goal plans. These are significant
from the point of view of right holders of heritage that is the craft community as
the livelihood, living conditions, continuity of the craft and sustainability in the
future is heavily influenced by the strategies undertaken towards the
conservation of the craft.
The short-term goals would ensure to reduce of the risk of the loss of values as
discussed in section 10.4 and pave a way for the continuity of the crafts in the
future sustainably. It would more importantly ensure that the practitioners of the
craft, the artisan community would be in a better position to carry on their
114
inheritance while evolving with the changing times as their own life would
improve.
The long-term goals would be aimed towards the expansion of the craft to new
paradigms, creating specific niche markets along with other crafts of the area
improving the economic and bequest values of the craft. It would also help
elevate the status of the craft and craft community, provide visibility and adapt.
These interventions are further categorised into the scope of right
holders and stakeholders, where it is explained which action should be
taken immediately for the conservation of the craft.